india's headache : unemployment or underemployment

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unfortunately ,very few governments think about youth unemployment when they are drawing up their national  plans .......kofi annan

unemployment is like a headache or high temperature -unpleasant and exhausting but not carrying in itself any explanation of its cause.......William beveridge

introduction: when we talk about the unemployment during this pandemic so it create  huge problems not only for one country but for  the  whole world one side we were facing the covid 19 other ide we are facing unemployment . Due to this disease  many country here we can say that whole world declared lockdown in whole country and due to this lockdown millions of people were losing their jobs ,many migrants worker were facing lots of problem .people were dying because they don't get enough food for survive .But the problem of unemployment is not new but its a huge problem in many countries .when we talk about our country India so according to the recent report of  national sample survey organisation
provided data that in india unemployment has reached the record 45years high at 6.1%during 2017 and 2018.when we talk about the unemployment and underemployment do not have jobs or employment were not creating.
lets talk about the types of unemployment which is discussed below :


types of unemployment-unemployment may be defined as a "a situation  in which the person is capable of working both physically and mentally at the existing wage rate but does not get a job to work in other words unemployment mans only involuntary unemployment wherein a person who is willing to work at the existing wage rate does not get a job.

frictional unemployment : Temporary unemployment caused while shifting from one job to another job .
structural unemployment  : unemployment caused due to structural change in the economy for instance shift from labour intensive technique to capital intensive technology.


Cylical unemployment: unemployment causes due to cyclical fluctuations in the economy for instance unemployment caused during recession and depression.


Disguised unemployment:
Addition of and extra  worker in a factory /farm doesn't increase the total output as her marginal productivity remain zero eg.agricultural sector in India .
Seasonal unemployment :
Unemployment is seasonal for instance agricultural ,tourism industry.

Voluntarily unemployment :


Individuals who prefer not to work or remain unemployed as they are unable to find work of their choice or preference wage rate or sufficient government benefits.


Underemployment :
Here the worked and workforce remain underutilized in term of skill or time.










 

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